Scientific Investigation Into the Manufacture of Paint Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction: PPG Industries is a leader in its markets ; is a streamlined. efficient maker ; and operates on the taking border of new engineerings and solutions. In this assignment I will be comparing the procedure of pigment with the industry and in the research lab. Procedure of pigment In the industryMaking pigment involves blending the pigment with rosin. dissolvers. and other additives to organize a paste. This is usually done as the first measure. In industrial used pigment it normally so routed into a sand factory. Next it is placed in to a big cylinder where it grind the pigment particles. this procedure makes it smaller so and scattering them through the mixture. Paste – In this procedure the pigment manufactures sends the bags of the all right grain pigments to paint workss. Next the pigment is premixed with rosin. Finally one or more solvent and additives is added to organize a paste. Scattering the pigment – the pigments is routed into a sand factory. the atoms of sand or silicon oxide to crunch the pigment atoms. The sand factory makes them smaller. Scattering them through the mixture. Finally the mixture is filtered so that the sand atoms are removed. Thining the paste – It this procedure the produced is thinned to bring forth the concluding merchandise. The paste is transferred to the big boilers. which is agitated with the proper sum of dissolver. Caning the pigment – In This procedure the concluding pigment merchandise is pumped into the wicker room. Where a machine places the palpebras onto the filled tins. and other imperativenesss the palpebras to seal them. Next the bailometer is so cut and shaped the grips ; this is before they are hooked into the holes in the tins. In the research labSeparate the colored solids from the H2O filtrationSet up Buchner funnelFilter paper and Buchner flaskConnect the Buchner flask to the H2O pump and bend on the H2O supply. Pour liquid into the Buchner funnel.Coloured solid buttocks should be left behindRemove any staying H2O from your solid.Scrape solid into a little beaker utilizing a spatula.Measure about 10cm3 of acetone in a measurement cylinder.Pour the acetone into the beaker and stir the mixture with a stirring rod. Put a new piece of filter paper in the Buchner funnel.Filter the mixtureTransfer the solid to a howitzer.Grind it carefully with a stampTransfer it to a yoghurt pot. Add merely plenty linseed oil to do a thick pigment. Comparing Industrial procedure to research lab procedureThe difference between doing pain the lab and in the industry is that doing pigment in the lab requires more labour work so in the industry. this is because in the industry machines are used to do the pigment. Another difference is that the sum of pigment made differs from each other as in the lab merely a little sum of pigment is made where as in the industry big quality are made. Besides the usage of pigment can sometime differ from each other as in the lab the pigment is largely made for scientific intents where as in the industry it is made to be sold to the consumer in order to do a net income. Equipments A research lab graduated tableA research lab graduated table is used to mensurate out substances for illustration chemicals ; the maximal weight they can manage is non that high as they don’t necessitate it to be that tallness. Lab graduated tables step grams excessively four denary topographic point. but they merely handle up to 100 gms. Laboratory graduated table is little. because you merely need plenty to make an experiment. Plus research labs by and large don’t have the installations to bring forth things in majority. An Industrial graduated tableAn industrial graduated table is a big graduated table which is used to mensurate considerable sums of merchandises which are traveling to be sold. Industrial graduated table are accurate for big sums of stuffs as they measure masses up to 2. 000 lb. the graduated tables merely go to the nearest lb. which makes in precise when used in the industries. Difference between an industrial and laboratory graduated tableLab graduated tables are smaller than industrial graduated tables this is because lab graduated table are used for little sum of stuffs. as for industrial graduated tables they are larger as they are used for big and bulky stuffs. Laboratory graduated tables can merely manage up to 100 gms. where as industrial graduated tables can take up to 2. 000 lbs of weight. A laboratory graduated table and an industrial graduated table both are used for the same ground. but they can merely manage a certain sum of weight. which makes them specific to their function. Sand factory ( Industry ) A sand factory is a piece of industrial equipment designed to crunch a given stuff into really little atoms of approximately equal size. Sand factory is used in the production of doing pigment by put the pigment with rosin dissolvers and additives in to the sand factory until it forms a paste. Stiring rod and Fliter paper ( labaotory ) A stirring rod is a piece of research lab equipment used to blend chemicals and liquids for research lab intents. They are normally made of solid glass. Filter paper is a paper that lets liquid through but prevents soils signifier go throughing though. A healthier paper is used to divide all right solids signifier liquids. Comparing Industrial equipment to research lab equipment In the industry a sand factory is used to blend the chemicals together and do the pigment atoms smaller which turns it in to a paste. This is besides done in the lab but alternatively a stirring rod is used to blend the chemicals together and a filter documents is used to divide the dirts form the liquids this turns it in to a paste. The industrial equipment is better because they require less labour work. which would assist to maintain the cost of the pigment to a lower limit. Besides it takes less clip to do as a machine is faster than a human. Although the equipments used in the lab are more environmentally friendly than utilizing a machine because they do non necessitate electricity or fuel. Accuracy and preciseness In a research labA measuring is accurate if it right reflects the size of the thing that is being measured. Precise means the extent to which a given set of measurings of the same sample agree with their mean. To better the truth of the of the pigment in the experiment we should add in a binder in to the experiment. the binder would do the pigment stick to the surface. in the experiment I didn’t utilize a binder and I found that non all of the pigment stuck to the paper. so by utilizing a binder the quality of the pigment will be much better. In order to do the method more precise. a pipette should be used alternatively of a measurement cylinder because a measurement cylinder has to be read by its semilunar cartilage which can do human mistake if the individual doesn’t know this. besides it is non precise. Where as a pipette allow user to mensurate a volume of solution highly accurately and so add it so something else. In the industryThe standardization of the equipment is checked before the procedure. which ensures preciseness and truth because your will be doing certain that the graduated table for illustration are placed at zero so the measuring of the stuffs will be accurate and precise. Using industrial graduated tables ensures preciseness and truth because they can be used for bulk stuffs. so they can manage more weight which means that the consequence would be accurate and precise as the graduated tables are suited to their demands. Comparing Lab with industryThe difference between truth and preciseness in a lab and the industry is that in the lab is that human mistakes can happen which can impact the truth and preciseness of the process. where as in the industry mistakes can happen due to the machine. Although they are both rather similar in sing truth and preciseness as it requires look intoing equipment before utilizing it. utilizing better equipments / machines. Scientific rule Testing pigment in the research lab †¢For each pigment. a specific measure is measured. utilizing indistinguishable application methods. The country able to be covered by the pigment is measured. in add-on to its ability to cover the fit Sheetrock behind it. †¢Spatter is tested by mensurating paint’s inclination to spray off of the roller. †¢To evaluate discoloration opposition. two coats of each pigment are painted on a wall. One batch of discolorations was left for 5 proceedingss. and the other set for an hr before remotion with all purpose cleansing agents. †¢To evaluate paint’s likeliness to melt over clip. samples were placed in a UV accelerated enduring machine and so compared to non-weathered samples. Testing pigment in the industry †¢Colour is checked by an experient perceiver and by spectral analysis to see if it matches a criterion desired colour. †¢Resistance of the colour to melting caused by the elements is determined by exposing a part of a painted surface to an discharge visible radiation and comparing the sum of melting to a painted surface that was non so open. †¢The paint’s concealing power is measured by painting it over a black surface and a white surface. †¢Adhesion is tested by doing a hatching. calibrated to 2 millimetres. on a dried pigment surface. †¢Scrubbability is tested by a machine that rubs a soapy coppice over the paint’s surface.Testing pigment ( comparing lab with industry ) The difference between proving pigment in the lab with the industry is that in a lab a individual testes the hurting where as in the industry machines are used to prove the pigments. Besides in the industry a batch of pigment is tested at one time where as in the lab merely a one or two is tested. this is because in the lab a individual is making the proving which takes more clip so a machine making it. Animal TestingPaint is tested on animate beings ; this is because it ensures that pigment is non harmful to worlds when they are in contact with them. Different chemical in the pigment are tested in animate beings to guarantee that adding extra chemical to better the quality of pigment without harming worlds. Besides to happen out if people whom have illness like asthma will be affected when in contact with pigment. and If so they can inform people my holding this information on the label of the pigment merchandise. Animal testing ( comparing lab with industry )The difference between carnal proving in a lab and the industry is that. it is merely done in the lab ; this is because the industry is non the suited environment for proving animate beings. So in order for the industry to acquire the informations need the lab does the trial and so informs the peoples in the industry with the information. this information is so used in the production of pigment. Quality controlThe ingredients and the fabrication procedure undergoes rigorous trial. The finished merchandise is checked. this is to see that it is of a high quality. The reviews on the finished pigment are for denseness. choiceness of grain. scattering and viscousness. Bleed opposition is studied by pigment being applied to a surface. Paint’s aesthetic constituents is checked as. the colour is checked by an spectral analysis to see if it matches a criterion desired colour. A part of a painted suface is exposed to an discharge visible radiation to prove for opposition of the colour to melting caused by the elements. An object is painted over a black surface and a white surface which is used to mensurate paint’s concealing power. The sum of reflected light given off a painted surface is used to mensurate rubric. To meaure the paint’s functional qaulities entails rubing a coat of hurting. To prove if the pigment is good. a piece of pat is applied to the hatching. and so it is pulled off to see if the surface remains. Fire retardancy is checked by firing the pigment and finding its weight loss. Quality control ( comparing lab with industry )Quality control in a lab and the industry is done in the same manner. the lone difference is that in a lab one individual cheques for quality control where as in the industry there are different people to look into each portion of the quality control. Quality AssuranceQuality confidence is the procedure of verifying or finding whether merchandises or services meet or transcend client outlooks Quality is a changeless end. maintained by strict. uninterrupted proving and trying from beginning through to bringing. There attack is to merchandise quality. which goes further than natural stuffs. Quality direction systems cover merchandise and service. and stretch from merchandising desk in London to all around the universe. These systems are audited on a regular basis by external companies in keeping their accreditation. Stairss for Quality Assurance Procedure:†¢Test old articles†¢Plan to better†¢Design to include betterments and demands†¢Manufacture with betterments†¢Review new point and betterments†¢Test new point PDCA is an effectual method for supervising quality confidence because it analyzes bing conditions and methods used to supply the merchandise or service clients. Quality confidence helps to find whether the stairss used to supply the merchandise or service are appropriate for the clip and conditions. Quality confidence ( comparing lab with industry )Quality confidence in a lab and the industry is done in the same manner. the lone difference is that in a lab one individual cheques for quality confidence where as in the industry there are different people to look into each portion of the quality confidence. Health A ; safety demands In the industryPPG’s end is to forestall hurts and unwellnesss through the execution of effectual safety and wellness plans. PPG’s focal point is on uninterrupted workplace safety betterment through direction leading and employee engagement. PPG’s hazard decrease attempts include: Top direction. active leading. engagement. and answerability at all degrees and at all locations. Effective. working EHS Leadership Teams develop and implement safety processes customized to the specific hazards associated with their operations. †¢Significant employee answerability and engagement in installation EHS Leadership squads. behavioral based safety procedures. biotechnologies squads. preparation. and a assortment of other safety focal point squads. †¢Comprehensive employee communicating and preparation for hazard consciousness and safe work patterns. †¢Established clear definition of planetary safety demands and schemes to cut down hazard. †¢Comprehensive coverage. probe. analysis. and communicating of incidents and near miss events through a planetary coverage system †¢Implementation of a planetary disciplinary action tracking system. †¢Comprehensive jeopardy acknowledgment and control processes at all locations. †¢Tracking of prosodies t hat centre on upstream hazard designation every bit good as downstream consequences to better decrease attempts. In the research labHealth and safety in a Lab is done by minimising exposure to hazard. Besides it is about protecting people from bad lucks. When making an experiment which involves substance which is risky. a little quality should be used at a clip. if it contains harmful exhausts it should be used in a fume closet. HSE inspectorsHSE is a public organic structure in the United Kingdom. HSE supply its employees with good and safe conditions of work. this means holding effectual direction agreements that guarantee the well being of staff. which minimises the impacts to persons and concern signifier ailment wellness and wellness hurt. Workers have the right to work in a topographic point where hazards to their wellness and safety are decently controlled. HSE reviews ( comparing lab with industry )HSE in a lab and the industry is done in the same manner. the lone difference is that Is that merely one individual comes to inspect the lab. where as in the industry more than one individual is need to inspect it. this is because in the industry is much bigger than a lab and there are more specialist equipments used so in lab. Regulations Health A ; Safety Torahs in the industryPPG complies with applicable Torahs and ordinances in the states where PPG operates. Where Torahs and ordinances sing jeopardy communicating have non been established. PPG follows international patterns. Water-based pigmentsare an all-around public presentation ; they are good from a wellness and environmental position. Solvent-based pigments require users a grade of cautiousness to avoid hazards associating to possible wellness jeopardies. PPG evaluates each of its merchandises for jeopardies and communicates any determined jeopardies through warnings which are compliant with the Torahs and ordinances of which the merchandise is manufactured. every bit good as the legal power into which the merchandise will be distributed or offered for sale. Health and safety in a research labHealth and safety in a research lab was set up to assist wellness and safety excusive to understate the hazard to people’s wellness and safety at work. The work ranges from assisting to command jeopardies to helping the direction of the business wellness of workers. Controling jeopardies – this aims to extinguish jeopardies wholly. this means guaranting they are decently controlled. This is of import to human wellness and to guarantee the wellness of concern. Bettering Health – by bettering the wellness of the work force. this will better the wellness of the concern. Good Lab Practice.Good lab pattern is a set of rules which provide a model which research lab surveies are planned. performed monitored. recorded. reported. and besides archived and reported. The Good lab rules include: †¢Organization and personnel— direction duties. survey forces duties. patron duties. rule probe duties. and analyze manager duties. †¢Quality confidence program- quality confidence forces †¢Facilities- installations for trial and mention points. trial system installations †¢Equipments. reagents and stuffs†¢Test systems- biological. physical /chemical†¢Test and mention points†¢Standard operating processs†¢Performance of survey – survey program. behavior of survey†¢Reporting of consequences†¢Storage of record and studies. Good lab pattern is non carried out in the industry. Hazard appraisal in the industryA hazard appraisal is an scrutiny of factors that can be about hazards. In a workplace. proprietors of a concern lawfully are required to measure the hazards of hurt and of sick wellness impacting an employee. A hazard appraisal should do certain that adequate perceptual experiences are implementing in order to forestall injury coming to an employee. It besides helps to distribute sick wellness and accident which can hold serous affect on concern. ruin lives and harm concern end product. hazard appraisals make the workplace a safer environment for employees. It is of import that a hazard appraisal is done. if it is non taken topographic point employees. clients and the administration will be in danger. Employer must see that they look at all work activities that can do injury in order to make up ones mind whether they are making adequate to run into the legal duties. Risk Management in the research lab Risk direction is to make with analyzing what type of hazard a individual may confront in work environment and how we can avoid it or cover with the hazard. Basically. the procedure identifies any type of state of affairs that could ensue in harm to any resource within the ownership of the company. It is an organizational plan which is a successful plan ; in order for this procedure to be successful it requires the committedness and cooperation of all. Staffs need to recognize the cardinal importance of wellness and safety hazard direction. The procedure of hazard direction takes topographic point in four different stairss. 1. First measure is to cut down any possibility of any accident. this is called hazard designation. This measure involves placing the workplace or anything that can do hurt. 2. Following is the 2nd measure which involves the appraisal of hazard of the jeopardies which has been identified. In this measure information is collected and doing determinations take topographic point. 3. Effective hazard direction is the 3rd measure which is to keep system and set up it. This measure gives the chance for the regular rating which means that processs are reappraisals in order for the hazard direction to be efficient 4. The concluding measure is the reappraisal the procedure. which involves analyzing the control measures. this makes certain that the hazards are eliminated and if non eliminated there are reduced. It checks that the procedure is working efficaciously. COSHHThis is a jurisprudence which requires employers to command substances that are risky to wellness ; workers can forestall or cut down workers exposure to risky substances by happening out what the wellness jeopardies are. supplying control steps to cut down injury to wellness. make up ones minding how to forestall injury to wellness. planning for exigencies. supplying information direction and preparation for employees and others. maintaining all control measures in good working order. The COSHH ordinances help protect people in the work topographic point against hazards form risky substances. These substances may be used straight in work or may originate from work activities. The hazard depends on a figure of factors which are the jeopardy presented by the substance. how it is used. how exposure is controlled. the grade and extent of exposure. Prevention of exposure to risky substances is done by: †¢finding out what the wellness jeopardies are †¢deciding how to forestall injury to wellness†¢providing control steps to cut down injury to wellness†¢keeping all control measures in good working order†¢providing information. direction and preparation for employees and others †¢providing monitoring and wellness surveillance in appropriate instances†¢Planning for exigenciesThe Regulations require employers to:†¢assess the hazards to wellness and safety†¢decide what safeguards are needed to forestall sick wellness †¢prevent or control exposure†¢make certain that the control steps are used and maintained †¢monitor exposure and carry out wellness surveillance if appropriate †¢Ensure that all employees are decently informed. trained and supervised. COSH ( comparing lab with industry ) Cosh is carried out in the lab and industry in the same manner as each other. the regulations used to supervise blackjack are the same for the lab and in the industry. By-products and waste ordinances in the industryA ordinance is put in topographic point which is refering the emanation of volatile organic compounds. The ordinance permits each litre of pigment to incorporate no more than 250 gms of dissolver. Paint makers can replace the dissolvers with pigment. fillers. or other solids built-in to the basic pigment expression. This method produces thicker pigments that are harder to use. and it is non yet known if such pigments are long lasting. A big pigment maker will hold an in-house effluent intervention installation that treats all liquids generated on-site. even storm H2O run-off. The installation is monitored 24 hours a twenty-four hours. The liquid part of the waste is treated on-site to the criterions of the local publically owned effluent intervention installation ; it can be used to do low-quality pigment. Waste ordinances in the labaotoryEnvironmental regulative loads are unsuitably placed on many academic. commercial. and authorities research labs when ordinances designed to turn to large-scale industrial operations are applied to research labs. Research. development. instructional. and service research labs generate a wide scope of little measures of risky wastes. but are forced to separately pull off each type of waste with the same asperity applied to those who create big sums of comparatively few wastes. By using an industrial regulative strategy to research labs. unintended. uneffective. and inappropriate loads are placed on these installations. Environmental impact on the environment. PPG’s environmental procedureAir plan is a plan which evaluates equipment and procedure that cut down emanations. and supply environment benefits. Water plans are a plan which relays on high quality of H2O in sufficient measure to bring forth green goodss. They carefully review and pull off how H2O is obtained. treated. used and discharged for operation. Waste plans are a plan which focuses on the usage of natural stuffs and merchandise outputs to minimise the coevals of waste. Environmental hazard direction is a plan which incorporates hazard direction constructs into concern activities. PPG planetary EmissionsEach nursery gas differs in its ability to absorb heat in the ambiance. This graph shows the advancement toward the ends to cut down planetary emanations. It shows CO2 produced against the twelvemonth. from looking at the graph you can see the Co2 produced has lessenings every twelvemonth. Environmental impacts for lab and industry Volatile organic compounds are the most of import environmental impact from pigments and coatings. The emanation may be captured before release to the ambiance. In the presence of N oxides induced VOC oxidization produces ozone as a byproduct. Ozone. a extremely reactive signifier of O. is a wellness hazard at really low concentrations. and is the ultimate hazard factor associated with VOC emanations. Paint can do presence of toxic solid stuffs. which can do immediate effects of VOCs ; solids persist. and can make jobs long after the coating is applied. When VOC’s react with O. they can organize ‘bad’ ozone in the presence of sunshine. This is a conducive factor to the nursery consequence and a cause of planetary heating. An environmental direction system in the industry An environmental direction system ensures those governmental bureaus and public or private concerns can restrict their negative impact on the environment while go oning to run expeditiously. It is built on a construction of planning procedures. using rules. monitoring results. and rectifying operations. It is designed to better concern operations and expeditiously cut down environmental impact Environmental direction system in the Laboratory The Environmental Laboratory Section operates a full-service environmental lab that trials and buttockss H2O. air. dirt. risky stuffs. and biological samples. Water quality and biological monitoring of surface Waterss is an of import subdivision map. Quality environmental testing services are provided to a assortment of clients in a cost-efficient mode. Its intent is to be a politically impersonal. cost-efficient. market-driven organisation that provides the highest value and highest quality environmental testing. monitoring. appraisal. and information services to profit both citizens and the natural environment. Disposal of wasteWhen disposing of unwanted chemicals the local conditions and environmental ordinances must be observed. Some chemical and reagents must necessitate blushing down drainage system. instead than disposing it. When transporting out drainage disposal attention must be taken while making the process. Chemicals that are more than required or old stocks must be identified to a staff of senior position and if they decide it is non required it should be disposed off right. Empty containers that are used to hive away risky chemical require particular disposal which means that they are non to be placed into a xanthous bag. All containers that are used for hive awaying chemical waste should be undamaged and sealed. Liquid waste containers should merely be filled to 70-80 % of capacity. if there is more this could do spillage happening signifier an overfilled container. All stuffs must be clearly identified forestalling the commixture of waste which could do a reaction. Informati on of the constituents in the container must be provided. Disposal of waste ( comparing lab with industry )The manner in which waste in fain of is really similar to the lab and industry. the difference can be that the liquid waste container in the lab is much smaller than the 1 in the industry as it is 10x the size. this is because in the industry more industrial waste is produced. Besides the yellow bag which is sued for risky chemical is besides much larger in the industry. apart from these two factors the manner in which wastrel is disposed for is the same in each state of affairs. DecisionFrom comparing the Lab with the industry I have come to a decision that they are non really different from each other when it comes to the production of pigment. I have noticed that size in which things are done is really different to each other as in the industry pigment is manufactured to a larger graduated table so in the lab. The difference between the lab and in the industry is the lab requires more labour work so in the industry. this is because in the industry machines are used. Besides the usage of pigment can sometime differ from each other as in the lab the pigment is largely made for scientific intents where as in the industry it is made to be sold to the consumer in order to do a net income. The industrial equipment is better because they require less labour work. which would assist to maintain the cost of the pigment to a lower limit. Besides it takes less clip to do as a machine is faster than a human. Although the equipments used in the lab are more environment ally friendly than utilizing a machine because they do non necessitate electricity or fuel. In the lab human mistakes can happen which can impact the truth and preciseness of the process. where as in the industry mistakes can happen due to the machine. Testing pigment in the industry is better as pigment is tested at one time where as in the lab merely a one or two is tested. this is because in the lab a individual is making the proving which takes more clip so a machine making it. Overall the industry is better manner of doing hurting as more pigment can be made at one time. there are machines to make the occupation which means labour charge is kept to a lower limit which can take to a bigger net income and cut down the merchandising cost. However the machines can hold a negative impact on the environment as it can do pollutions. this can do the production of pigment in the lab seem better but it would necessitate more clip and labor which would intend increasing the cost of pigment.